CapEx differs from operating expenses in accounting treatment: instead of hitting the income statement immediately, CapEx is spread out as depreciation over many years. Two flavours exist: maintenance CapEx (replacing worn assets) and growth CapEx (expanding capacity).
Capex-heavy industries (telecoms, utilities, semiconductors) need large reinvestment to stay competitive; capex-light businesses (software, asset managers) convert most operating cash flow into free cash flow.
A logistics company buys five trucks for CHF 500k total — the spend is capitalised as a fixed asset and depreciated CHF 100k per year over five years, not expensed immediately.