Positive working capital means the business can cover its short-term obligations from short-term resources. Negative working capital is a warning sign — though some efficient retailers (supermarkets, Amazon) deliberately run negative working capital by collecting from customers before paying suppliers.
Working capital management focuses on three levers: shortening receivables, lengthening payables (without souring relationships) and minimising inventory. Each franc freed up is a franc that no longer needs to be financed.
Working Capital = Current Assets − Current Liabilities
A trading company has CHF 800k of current assets (cash, receivables, stock) and CHF 500k of current liabilities (payables, short-term debt) — working capital is CHF 300k, enough buffer to weather a slow month.