In real estate, escrow has two distinct meanings. The closing escrow holds the buyer's deposit and the seller's deed until the transaction conditions are fulfilled, then disburses funds and registers ownership. The mortgage escrow account (mainly US) collects monthly amounts from the borrower for property taxes and insurance and pays them when due.
Escrow accounts protect both sides: the seller gets paid only when title transfers; the buyer pays only when the property is delivered free of encumbrances. The escrow agent is bound by written instructions and personal liability.
A US buyer wires a USD 20,000 earnest-money deposit to an escrow company; if inspection reveals undisclosed defects within the contingency period, the deposit is returned, otherwise it credits to the down payment at closing.