EuroCalc

Qu'est-ce que le/la Free cash flow ?

Le free cash flow correspond à la trésorerie générée par l'exploitation après déduction des investissements nécessaires – l'argent réellement disponible pour les actionnaires, le remboursement de dette et le réinvestissement.

FCF is the workhorse metric of valuation. Discounted cash flow (DCF) models discount projected free cash flows to derive an intrinsic share price. Investors prize companies that grow FCF per share consistently.

Two flavours exist: FCF to the firm (FCFF, before financing) and FCF to equity (FCFE, after interest and net debt issuance). Strong FCF lets a company pay dividends, buy back shares, repay debt and acquire competitors without raising external capital.

Formule
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures
Exemple

A manufacturer generates CHF 1.2m in operating cash flow and spends CHF 400k on capex — FCF is CHF 800k, of which the board pays CHF 300k as dividends and reinvests CHF 500k in growth.

Termes liés

Questions fréquentes

Why subtract capex?+

Because keeping the business running requires replacing equipment and infrastructure; that cash is not really 'free'.

Can FCF be negative?+

Yes — typical for growth-stage businesses investing heavily in expansion ahead of profits.

How does FCF differ from EBITDA?+

EBITDA ignores capex and working capital; FCF deducts both, so it more honestly reflects cash discipline.